Science.
Closets have given place to cabinets as a place for storing household goods. Cabinet construction is seldom done on the job as much better and cheaper units can be built in a mill.
Refer to trade magazines, journals and to trade catalogs and obtain information and illustrations of cabinet equipment for the several rooms of a dwelling. The following illustrations, courtesy the Parsons Co., of Detroit, Mich. Show some very recent developments in kitchen cabinet productions. There is an abundance of sales literature available for cabinet work in every room in a house. Search for this literature as much valuable information can be obtained.
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English.
Obtain a book titled THE TORCH by Louise Collier Willcox. This book is a collection of poems for young people. Read several poems found in this text and report on each. If this volume is not available obtain some of the works of the following authors and make a report: Wordsworth, William; Lowell, James R.: Scott, Sir Walter; Poe, Edgar Allen; Longfellow, Henry W.; Stevenson, Robert W.; Coleridge, Samuel T.; Tennyson, Alfred Lord.
Civics.
A carpenter should have an understanding of the work of all other crafts employed on a frame house. The major portion of the work done on a frame house is done by a carpenter but, if he should not be familiar with the work of the excavator, cement worker, plumber, electrician, painter, glazier, decorator, till setter and plasterer may be embarrassing situations will araise.
Describe the work of each of the above named crafts. What relation does the carpenter have with each craft?
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Chapter XXIX
Finish Flooring
Clear the rough floor of all scrap stock, nails, plaster and dirt. If this material is caked on the floor it must be scraped loose and removed.
If the base strip or carpet strip has been placed on the base board remove it and keep for future use. Nail down any loose boards in the flooring. If there is any pronounced uneveness in the sub or loose flooring it should be leveled before the finished floor is laid.
Lay strip of heavy felt paper on top of the rough floor and make sure it is evenly placed. Lay the paper with about a two inch lap at joints. Often finish flooring is paid before trim is placed in position.
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Refer to the plans and note the design to be used for the hardwood flooring. If there is a border it should be laid clear around the room at the beginning of the flooring job. Begin at the extreme edge of the rough flooring and slip the finish floor boards and secret nail in place. Work the border out from the base board piece by piece around the room. Butt all joints. Do not miter any joints. Secret nail all pieces placing nail at a slant so that it will draw stock together.
Work each piece in squarely, one to another and not in relation to the room, as the sides of the room may not be square in relation to itself. See that all stock is held down securely and well matched and joined. Sand the flooring until a smooth finish is obtained. The painter should finish the floor with the required filler and varnish. Replace the carpet strip carefully drawing it down to the finish flooring.
Practical jobs. Prepare a rough floor to receive a hardwood finish flooring. Lay a finish floor with a pattern in it. Lay a finish floor without a pattern in it.
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Related Studies
Drawing.
The study in drawing of Chapter =III dealt with an assignment of work of a complete set of house plans. This study will deal with the changing of an existing set of plans. Make some change in the floor plan, such as placing the living room across the front portion of the house. This phase of study is always very interesting as many people will like the exterior of a house but not the room arrangement or vice versa.
Mathematics.
In estimating floor coverings, such as hardwood flooring, linoleum, cork, rubber, etc., one works in units of squares. A square is an area of 10' x 10' in measure. Labor costs run about 250 to 350 hours per 1000 square feet or ten squares.
Refer to the specifications, find the floor covering specified, estimate the quantity and labour and add to the grand estimate previously described.
Science.
The following details are offered as aids in the laying of finish flooring. Sketch these details, obtain illustrations of others and keep a catalog of the several illustrations.
English.
Write a description of the accompanying illustration. Describe the items in the picture and relate what is being done.
Civics.
The following is a continuation of the study, HEALTH THROUGH THE AGES.
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Chapter XXX
Finishing
Much of the work of the painter and finisher will be completed before the finish hardware is applied. The exterior work which is painted will be done while the finishing is going on by the carpenter on the inside of the structure.
All work should be completed by the carpenter so that the painter need not be delayed by construction work.
All nails in the exterior and interior work should be set by the carpenter. All surfaces should be planed where needed and sanded where needed.
All rooms should be cleared of all tools and work benches. All extra lumber should be returned to the lumber mill. The floors should be well swept and all wood work dusted.
Practical jobs. Set all finishing nails. Remove all tools. Remove work benches. Sweep up trash and dust all wordwork.
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Related Studies
Drawing.
The orders or styles of architecture are supreme developments of a supporting member called a pier or column. Dwellings began with no cellar or basement walls and no supporting walls. In building development, walls, piers and columns were devised. The Romans and Greeks developed the column into a feature of beauty that has been given to civilization. These columns have been reproduced throughout the world since their proportions were fixed by an Italian architect, Giacomo Barozzi of Vignola, Italy, who lived from 1507 to 1573.
The Roman, Greek and Egyptian peoples had certain styles of orders or column development. The best known styles are the Roman order, together with some Greek and Egyptian variations.
A style or order may be divided into the base, column and entablature. The dimensions of all are given in terms of the diameter of the column.
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The five orders of Roman origin are shown on the next page.
List the names of the Roman, Greek and Egyptian orders. Produce the above orders, together with the other orders, on drawing paper or in model form in wood. If possible, produce the enrichment of the various parts of the base, columns and entablatures of the orders wherever enrichment is to be found. Name the various parts of the several orders.
Stair parts newel posts finials balusters and spindles Staircases Mathematics.
In this study will be found the directions for constructing the hexagon, octagon and ellipse.
To construct a hexagon produce a square of any size. Find the center by use of diagonal lines. This is Point A. Produce circle within square so as to touch sides of square. Item B. At point where circle touches sides, say at point C, obtain distance AC on dividers. Step this distance around circumference at points 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Join points C, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and C with straight lines to produce six-sided figure—a hexagon.
To construct an octagon produce a square. Find center of it by use of diagonal lines. This is point A. Using distance AB as radius and B, C, D, and B as centers, cut sides of square at points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. Connect these points 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8 with straight lines to produce eight sided figure— an octagon.
To construct an ellipse produce. a trammel, which can be a piece of paper or wood, 1/2" x a length slightly greater than BC (the long axis of the ellipse) and mark on trammel points-1-2 equal to CB and 1-3 equal to BA. Place point 2 of trammel at B and point 3 on BC and point 1 at C. Move trammel from C downward to point below B keeping points 2 moving up on BA and 3 moving over on CB. Mark along on line produced to obtain 1/4 of ellipse. Do this for three other portions of figure.
Science.
Abrasives, such as sandpaper, flint paper and steel wool are used extensively in finishing. Obtain samples of abrasives, test them on various surfaces such as wood, varnish, paint, etc. State the results obtained in each test. Refer to an encyclopedia for information relative to abrasives.
English.
Visit a dwelling or residence which is just being completed. Takes notes on observations and write a report.
Civics.
Visit a contractor or carpenter. Make yourself acquainted with his work and his jobs in so far as possible. Early in your training career begin to make friends in the construction industry for they will stand you in good stead when training days come to an end.